模組:languages
呢個模組嘅解說可以喺模組:languages/doc度開
local insert = table.insert
local remove = table.remove
local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local export = {}
--[=[
This module implements fetching of language-specific information and processing text in a given language.
There are two types of languages: full languages and etymology-only languages. The essential difference is that only
full languages appear in L2 headings in vocabulary entries, and hence categories like [[:Category:French nouns]] exist
only for full languages. Etymology-only languages have either a full language or another etymology-only language as
their parent (in the parent-child inheritance sense), and for etymology-only languages with another etymology-only
language as their parent, a full language can always be derived by following the parent links upwards. For example,
"Canadian French", code 'fr-CA', is an etymology-only language whose parent is the full language "French", code 'fr'.
An example of an etymology-only language with another etymology-only parent is "Northumbrian Old English", code
'ang-nor', which has "Anglian Old English", code 'ang-ang' as its parent; this is an etymology-only language whose
parent is "Old English", code "ang", which is a full language. (This is because Northumbrian Old English is considered
a variety of Anglian Old English.) Sometimes the parent is the "Undetermined" language, code 'und'; this is the case,
for example, for "substrate" languages such as "Pre-Greek", code 'qsb-grc', and "the BMAC substrate", code 'qsb-bma'.
It is important to distinguish language ''parents'' from language ''ancestors''. The parent-child relationship is one
of containment, i.e. if X is a child of Y, X is considered a variety of Y. On the other hand, the ancestor-descendant
relationship is one of descent in time. For example, "Classical Latin", code 'la-cla', and "Late Latin", code 'la-lat',
are both etymology-only languages with "Latin", code 'la', as their parents, because both of the former are varieties
of Latin. However, Late Latin does *NOT* have Classical Latin as its parent because Late Latin is *not* a variety of
Classical Latin; rather, it is a descendant. There is in fact a separate 'ancestors' field that is used to express the
ancestor-descendant relationship, and Late Latin's ancestor is given as Classical Latin. It is also important to note
that sometimes an etymology-only language is actually the conceptual ancestor of its parent language. This happens,
for example, with "Old Italian" (code 'roa-oit'), which is an etymology-only variant of full language "Italian" (code
'it'), and with "Old Latin" (code 'itc-ola'), which is an etymology-only variant of Latin. In both cases, the full
language has the etymology-only variant listed as an ancestor. This allows a Latin term to inherit from Old Latin
using the {{tl|inh}} template (where in this template, "inheritance" refers to ancestral inheritance, i.e. inheritance
in time, rather than in the parent-child sense); likewise for Italian and Old Italian.
Full languages come in three subtypes:
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the
main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the
{Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages
are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük,
among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with
*. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in
the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have *
prefixed in links. Most constructed languages are of this subtype.
Both full languages and etymology-only languages have a {Language} object associated with them, which is fetched using
the {getByCode} function in [[Module:languages]] to convert a language code to a {Language} object. Depending on the
options supplied to this function, etymology-only languages may or may not be accepted, and family codes may be
accepted (returning a {Family} object as described in [[Module:families]]). There are also separate {getByCanonicalName}
functions in [[Module:languages]] and [[Module:etymology languages]] to convert a language's canonical name to a
{Language} object (depending on whether the canonical name refers to a full or etymology-only language).
Textual strings belonging to a given language come in several different ''text variants'':
# The ''input text'' is what the user supplies in wikitext, in the parameters to {{tl|m}}, {{tl|l}}, {{tl|ux}},
{{tl|t}}, {{tl|lang}} and the like.
# The ''display text'' is the text in the form as it will be displayed to the user. This can include accent marks that
are stripped to form the entry text (see below), as well as embedded bracketed links that are variously processed
further. The display text is generated from the input text by applying language-specific transformations; for most
languages, there will be no such transformations. Examples of transformations are bad-character replacements for
certain languages (e.g. replacing 'l' or '1' to [[palochka]] in certain languages in Cyrillic); and for Thai and
Khmer, converting space-separated words to bracketed words and resolving respelling substitutions such as [กรีน/กฺรีน],
which indicate how to transliterate given words.
# The ''entry text'' is the text in the form used to generate a link to a Wiktionary entry. This is usually generated
from the display text by stripping certain sorts of diacritics on a per-language basis, and sometimes doing other
transformations. The concept of ''entry text'' only really makes sense for text that does not contain embedded links,
meaning that display text containing embedded links will need to have the links individually processed to get
per-link entry text in order to generate the resolved display text (see below).
# The ''resolved display text'' is the result of resolving embedded links in the display text (e.g. converting them to
two-part links where the first part has entry-text transformations applied, and adding appropriate language-specific
fragments) and adding appropriate language and script tagging. This text can be passed directly to MediaWiki for
display.
# The ''source translit text'' is the text as supplied to the language-specific {transliterate()} method. The form of
the source translit text may need to be language-specific, e.g Thai and Khmer will need the full unprocessed input
text, whereas other languages may need to work off the display text. [FIXME: It's still unclear to me how embedded
bracketed links are handled in the existing code.] In general, embedded links need to be removed (i.e. converted to
their "bare display" form by taking the right part of two-part links and removing double brackets), but when this
happens is unclear to me [FIXME]. Some languages have a chop-up-and-paste-together scheme that sends parts of the
text through the transliterate mechanism, and for others (those listed in {contiguous_substition} in
[[Module:languages/data]]) they receive the full input text, but preprocessed in certain ways. (The wisdom of this is
still unclear to me.)
# The ''transliterated text'' (or ''transliteration'') is the result of transliterating the source translit text.
Unlike for all the other text variants except the transcribed text, it is always in the Latin script.
# The ''transcribed text'' (or ''transcription'') is the result of transcribing the source translit text, where
"transcription" here means a close approximation to the phonetic form of the language in languages (e.g. Akkadian,
Sumerian, Ancient Egyptian, maybe Tibetan) that have a wide difference between the written letters and spoken form.
Unlike for all the other text variants other than the transliterated text, it is always in the Latin script.
Currently, the transcribed text is always supplied manually be the user; there is no such thing as a
{lua|transcribe()} method on language objects.
# The ''sort key'' is the text used in sort keys for determining the placing of pages in categories they belong to. The
sort key is generated from the pagename or a specified ''sort base'' by lowercasing, doing language-specific
transformations and then uppercasing the result. If the sort base is supplied and is generated from input text, it
needs to be converted to display text, have embedded links removed (i.e. resolving them to their right side if they
are two-part links) and have entry text transformations applied.
# There are other text variants that occur in usexes (specifically, there are normalized variants of several of the
above text variants), but we can skip them for now.
The following methods exist on {Language} objects to convert between different text variants:
# {makeDisplayText}: This converts input text to display text.
# {lua|makeEntryName}: This converts input or display text to entry text. [FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In
particular, {lua|makeEntryName} is sometimes called on display text (in some paths inside of [[Module:links]]) and
sometimes called on input text (in other paths inside of [[Module:links]], and usually from other modules). We need
to make sure we don't try to convert input text to display text twice, but at the same time we need to support
calling it directly on input text since so many modules do this. This means we need to add a parameter indicating
whether the passed-in text is input or display text; if that former, we call {lua|makeDisplayText} ourselves.]
# {lua|transliterate}: This appears to convert input text with embedded brackets removed into a transliteration.
[FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular, it calls {lua|processDisplayText} on its input, which won't work
for Thai and Khmer, so we may need language-specific flags indicating whether to pass the input text directly to the
language transliterate method. In addition, I'm not sure how embedded links are handled in the existing translit code;
a lot of callers remove the links themselves before calling {lua|transliterate()}, which I assume is wrong.]
# {lua|makeSortKey}: This converts entry text (?) to a sort key. [FIXME: Clarify this.]
]=]
local function track(page)
require("Module:debug/track")("languages/" .. page)
return true
end
local function normalize_code(code)
return mw.loadData("Module:languages/data").aliases[code] or code
end
local checkObject = require("Module:utilities").check_object
-- Remove directional formatting characters from the start and end of the text.
local dir_char = "\226\128\170-\226\128\174\226\129\166-\226\129\169"
local function remove_directional_chars(text)
return (ugsub(text, "^[" .. dir_char .. "]*(.*)%f[%z" .. dir_char .. "][" .. dir_char .. "]*$", "%1"))
end
-- Convert risky characters to HTML entities, which minimizes interference once returned (e.g. for "sms:a", "<!-- -->" etc.).
local function escape_risky_characters(text)
local make_entities = require("Module:utilities").make_entities
-- Spacing characters in isolation generally need to be escaped in order to be properly processed by the MediaWiki software.
if not mw.ustring.match(text, "%S") then
return make_entities(text, text)
else
return make_entities(text, "!#%&*+/:;<=>?@[\\]_{|}")
end
end
local function make_language(code, data, useRequire)
local function conditionalRequire(modulename)
if useRequire then
return require(modulename)
else
return mw.loadData(modulename)
end
end
-- Temporarily convert various formatting characters to PUA to prevent them from being disrupted by the substitution process.
local function doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, noTrim)
-- Clone so that we don't insert any extra patterns into the table in package.loaded. For some reason, using require seems to keep memory use down; probably because the table is always cloned.
local patterns = require("Module:table").shallowcopy(require("Module:languages/data/patterns"))
if keepCarets then
insert(patterns, "((\\+)%^)")
insert(patterns, "((%^))")
end
-- Ensure any whitespace at the beginning and end is temp substituted, to prevent it from being accidentally trimmed. We only want to trim any final spaces added during the substitution process (e.g. by a module), which means we only do this during the first round of temp substitutions.
if not noTrim then
insert(patterns, "^([\128-\191\244]*(%s+))")
insert(patterns, "((%s+)[\128-\191\244]*)$")
end
-- Pre-substitution, of "[[" and "]]", which makes pattern matching more accurate.
text = text
:gsub("%f[%[]%[%[", "\1")
:gsub("%f[%]]%]%]", "\2")
local i, pe = #subbedChars, require("Module:string/pattern escape")
for j, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
-- Patterns ending in \0 stand are for things like "[[" or "]]"), so the inserted PUA are treated as breaks between terms by modules that scrape info from pages.
local term_divider
pattern = pattern:gsub("%z$", function(divider)
term_divider = divider == "\0"
return ""
end)
text = text:gsub(pattern, function(...)
local m = {...}
local m1New = m[1]
for k = 2, #m do
local n = i + k - 1
subbedChars[n] = m[k]
local byte2 = math.floor(n / 4096) % 64 + (term_divider and 128 or 136)
local byte3 = math.floor(n / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = n % 64 + 128
m1New = m1New:gsub(pe(m[k]), "\244" .. string.char(byte2) .. string.char(byte3) .. string.char(byte4), 1)
end
i = i + #m - 1
return m1New
end)
end
text = text
:gsub("\1", "%[%[")
:gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text, subbedChars
end
-- Reinsert any formatting that was temporarily substituted.
local function undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
local pe = require("Module:string/pattern escape")
for i = 1, #subbedChars do
local byte2 = math.floor(i / 4096) % 64 + 128
local byte3 = math.floor(i / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = i % 64 + 128
text = text:gsub("\244[" .. string.char(byte2) .. string.char(byte2+8) .. "]" .. string.char(byte3) .. string.char(byte4), pe(subbedChars[i]))
end
text = text
:gsub("\1", "%[%[")
:gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text
end
-- Convert any HTML entities.
local function noEntities(text)
if text:match("&[^;]+;") then
return require("Module:utilities").get_entities(text)
else
return text
end
end
-- Check if the raw text is an unsupported title, and if so return that. Otherwise, remove HTML entities. We do the pre-conversion to avoid loading the unsupported title list unnecessarily.
local function checkNoEntities(text)
local textNoEnc = noEntities(text)
if textNoEnc ~= text and conditionalRequire("Module:links/data").unsupported_titles[text] then
return text
else
return textNoEnc
end
end
-- If no script object is provided (or if it's invalid or None), get one.
local function checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not checkObject("script", true, sc) or sc:getCode() == "None" then
return self:findBestScript(text)
else
return sc
end
end
local function normalize(text, sc)
text = sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)
return sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
-- Split the text into sections, based on the presence of temporarily substituted formatting characters, then iterate over each one to apply substitutions. This avoids putting PUA characters through language-specific modules, which may be unequipped for them.
local function iterateSectionSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, self, sc, substitution_data, function_name)
local pe = require("Module:string/pattern escape")
local fail, cats, sections = nil, {}
-- See [[Module:languages/data]].
if not text:match("\244") or conditionalRequire("Module:languages/data").contiguous_substitution[self:getCode()] then
sections = {text}
else
sections = mw.text.split(text, "[-]")
end
for i, section in ipairs(sections) do
-- Don't bother processing empty strings or whitespace (which may also not be handled well by dedicated modules).
if section:gsub("%s", "") ~= "" then
local sub, sub_fail, sub_cats = require("Module:languages/doSubstitutions")(section, self, sc, substitution_data, function_name)
-- Second round of temporary substitutions, in case any formatting was added by the main substitution process. However, don't do this if the section contains formatting already (as it would have had to have been escaped to reach this stage, and therefore should be given as raw text).
if sub and subbedChars then
local noSub
for _, pattern in ipairs(require("Module:languages/data/patterns")) do
if section:match(pattern .. "%z?") then
noSub = true
end
end
if not noSub then
sub, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(sub, subbedChars, keepCarets, true)
end
end
if (not sub) or sub_fail then
text = sub
fail = sub_fail
cats = sub_cats or {}
break
end
text = sub and text:gsub(pe(section), pe(sub), 1) or text
if type(sub_cats) == "table" then
for _, cat in ipairs(sub_cats) do
insert(cats, cat)
end
end
end
end
-- Trim, unless there are only spacing characters, while ignoring any final formatting characters.
text = text and text
:gsub("^([\128-\191\244]*)%s+(%S)", "%1%2")
:gsub("(%S)%s+([\128-\191\244]*)$", "%1%2")
-- Remove duplicate categories.
if #cats > 1 then
cats = require("Module:table").removeDuplicates(cats)
end
return text, fail, cats, subbedChars
end
-- Process carets (and any escapes). Default to simple removal, if no pattern/replacement is given.
local function processCarets(text, pattern, repl)
local rep
repeat
text, rep = text:gsub("\\\\(\\*^)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
return text
:gsub("\\^", "\4")
:gsub(pattern or "%^", repl or "")
:gsub("\3", "\\")
:gsub("\4", "^")
end
-- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped).
local function removeCarets(text, sc)
if not sc:hasCapitalization() and sc:isTransliterated() and text:match("%^") then
return processCarets(text)
else
return text
end
end
local Language = {}
--[==[Returns the language code of the language. Example: {{code|lua|"fr"}} for French.]==]
function Language:getCode()
return self._code
end
--[==[Returns the canonical name of the language. This is the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary, and is guaranteed to be unique to that language alone. Example: {{code|lua|"French"}} for French.]==]
function Language:getCanonicalName()
return self._rawData[1]
end
--[==[Returns the display form of the language. The display form of a language, family or script is the form it takes when appearing as the ''SOURCE'' in categories such as <code>English terms derived from ''SOURCE''</code> or <code>English given names from ''SOURCE''</code>, and is also the displayed text in <code>:makeCategoryLink</code> links. For regular and etymology languages, this is the same as the canonical name, but for families, it reads "NAME languages" (e.g. {{code|lua|"Indo-Iranian languages"}}), and for scripts, it reads "NAME script" (e.g. {{code|lua|"Arabic script"}}).]==]
function Language:getDisplayForm()
if not self._displayForm then
local form = self:getCanonicalName()
-- Add article and " substrate" if a substrate that lacks them.
if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then
if not (form:find("^[Tt]he ") or form:find("^[Aa] ")) then
form = "a " .. form
end
if not form:find("[Ss]ubstrate") then
form = form .. " substrate"
end
end
self._displayForm = form
end
return self._displayForm
end
--[==[Returns a table of the "other names" that the language is known by, excluding the canonical name. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes more than one language is known by the same name. Example: {{code|lua|{"Manx Gaelic", "Northern Manx", "Southern Manx"} }} for [[:Category:Manx language|Manx]]. If <code>onlyOtherNames</code> is given and is non-{{code|lua|nil}}, only names explicitly listed in the <code>otherNames</code> field are returned; otherwise, names listed under <code>otherNames</code>, <code>aliases</code> and <code>varieties</code> are combined together and returned. For example, for Manx, Manx Gaelic is listed as an alias, while Northern Manx and Southern Manx are listed as varieties. It should be noted that the <code>otherNames</code> field itself is deprecated, and entries listed there should eventually be moved to either <code>aliases</code> or <code>varieties</code>.]==]
function Language:getOtherNames(onlyOtherNames)
if #self._stack == 1 then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
return require("Module:language-like").getOtherNames(self, onlyOtherNames)
end
--[==[Returns a table of the aliases that the language is known by, excluding the canonical name. Aliases are synonyms for the language in question. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes more than one language is known by the same name. Example: {{code|lua|{"High German", "New High German", "Deutsch"} }} for [[:Category:German language|German]].]==]
function Language:getAliases()
if #self._stack == 1 then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
return self._rawData.aliases or (self._extraData and self._extraData.aliases) or {}
end
--[==[Returns a table of the known subvarieties of a given language, excluding subvarieties that have been given explicit etymology language codes. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes a given name refers to a subvariety of more than one language. Example: {{code|lua|{"Southern Aymara", "Central Aymara"} }} for [[:Category:Aymara language|Aymara]]. Note that the returned value can have nested tables in it, when a subvariety goes by more than one name. Example: {{code|lua|{"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", {"Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar"}, {"Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay"}, "Sonqor"} }} for [[:Category:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]. Here, for example, Afshar, Afshari, Afshar Azerbaijani and Afchar all refer to the same subvariety, whose preferred name is Afshar (the one listed first). To avoid a return value with nested tables in it, specify a non-{{code|lua|nil}} value for the <code>flatten</code> parameter; in that case, the return value would be {{code|lua|{"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", "Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar", "Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay", "Sonqor"} }}.]==]
function Language:getVarieties(flatten)
if #self._stack == 1 then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
return require("Module:language-like").getVarieties(self, flatten)
end
--[==[Given a list of types as strings, returns true if the language has all of them.
The possible types are
* {language}: This is a language, either full or etymology-only.
* {full}: This is a "full" (not etymology-only) language, i.e. the union of {regular}, {reconstructed} and
{appendix-constructed}. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you
want to check specifically for a full language and you have an object that might be a family, you should
use {{lua|hasType("language", "full")}} and not simply {{lua|hasType("full")}}.
* {etymology-only}: This is an etymology-only (not full) language, whose parent is another etymology-only
language or a full language. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for
families, so if you want to check specifically for an etymology-only language and you have an
object that might be a family, you should use {{lua|hasType("language", "etymology-only")}}
and not simply {{lua|hasType("etymology-only")}}.
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted
in the main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in
the {Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full
languages are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto
and Volapük, among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed
with *. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore
be in the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should
not have * prefixed in links.
]==]
function Language:hasType(...)
if not self._type then
self._type = {language = true}
if self:getNonEtymologicalCode() == self:getCode() then
self._type.full = true
else
self._type["etymology-only"] = true
end
for _, type in ipairs(mw.text.split(self._rawData.type, "%s*,%s*")) do
self._type[type] = true
end
end
for _, type in ipairs{...} do
if not self._type[type] then
return false
end
end
return true
end
--[==[Returns a table containing <code>WikimediaLanguage</code> objects (see [[Module:wikimedia languages]]), which represent languages and their codes as they are used in Wikimedia projects for interwiki linking and such. More than one object may be returned, as a single Wiktionary language may correspond to multiple Wikimedia languages. For example, Wiktionary's single code <code>sh</code> (Serbo-Croatian) maps to four Wikimedia codes: <code>sh</code> (Serbo-Croatian), <code>bs</code> (Bosnian), <code>hr</code> (Croatian) and <code>sr</code> (Serbian).
The code for the Wikimedia language is retrieved from the <code>wikimedia_codes</code> property in the data modules. If that property is not present, the code of the current language is used. If none of the available codes is actually a valid Wikimedia code, an empty table is returned.]==]
function Language:getWikimediaLanguages()
if not self._wikimediaLanguageObjects then
local m_wikimedia_languages = require("Module:wikimedia languages")
self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = {}
local wikimedia_codes = self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
for _, wlangcode in ipairs(wikimedia_codes) do
insert(self._wikimediaLanguageObjects, m_wikimedia_languages.getByCode(wlangcode))
end
end
return self._wikimediaLanguageObjects
end
function Language:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
if not self._wikimediaLanguageCodes then
self._wikimediaLanguageCodes = self._rawData.wikimedia_codes or {self:getCode()}
end
return self._wikimediaLanguageCodes
end
--[==[
Returns the name of the Wikipedia article for the language. If the property {wikipedia_article} is present in the
data module it will be used first, otherwise a sitelink will be generated from {:getWikidataItem} (if set). Otherwise
{:getCategoryName} is used as fallback, unless `noCategoryFallback` is specified, in which case {nil} is returned.]==]
function Language:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback)
if self._wikipedia_article == nil then
if self._rawData.wikipedia_article then
self._wikipedia_article = self._rawData.wikipedia_article
elseif self:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then
self._wikipedia_article = mw.wikibase.sitelink(self:getWikidataItem(), 'enwiki')
end
if not self._wikipedia_article then
self._wikipedia_article = false
end
end
if not self._wikipedia_article and not noCategoryFallback then
return self:getCategoryName():gsub("Creole language", "Creole")
end
return self._wikipedia_article or nil
end
function Language:makeWikipediaLink()
return "[[w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle() .. "|" .. self:getCanonicalName() .. "]]"
end
--[==[Returns the Wikidata item id for the language or <code>nil</code>. This corresponds to the the second field in the data modules.]==]
function Language:getWikidataItem()
if not self._WikidataItem then
local item = self._rawData[2]
if type(item) == "number" then
self._WikidataItem = "Q" .. item
else
self._WikidataItem = item
end
end
return self._WikidataItem
end
--[==[Returns a table of <code>Script</code> objects for all scripts that the language is written in. See [[Module:scripts]].]==]
function Language:getScripts()
if not self._scriptObjects then
self._scriptObjects = {}
if self:getScriptCodes()[1] == "All" then
self._scriptObjects = conditionalRequire("Module:scripts/data")
else
for _, sc in ipairs(self:getScriptCodes()) do
insert(self._scriptObjects, require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sc, nil, nil, useRequire))
end
end
end
return self._scriptObjects
end
--[==[Returns the table of script codes in the language's data file.]==]
function Language:getScriptCodes()
if not self._scriptCodes then
self._scriptCodes = self._rawData[4] or {"None"}
end
return self._scriptCodes
end
--[==[Given some text, this function iterates through the scripts of a given language and tries to find the script that best matches the text. It returns a {{code|lua|Script}} object representing the script. If no match is found at all, it returns the {{code|lua|None}} script object.]==]
function Language:findBestScript(text, forceDetect)
if (not text) or text == "" or text == "-" then
return require("Module:scripts").getByCode("None", nil, nil, useRequire)
end
if table.concat(self:getScriptCodes()) == "All" then
return require("Module:scripts").findBestScriptWithoutLang(text)
end
local scripts = self:getScripts()
if not scripts[2] and not forceDetect then
-- Necessary, because Hani covers the entire Han range (while the Hant & Hans lists don't list shared characters).
if scripts[1]:getCode():match("^Han") and require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Hani", nil, nil, useRequire):countCharacters(text) > 0 then
return scripts[1]
elseif scripts[1]:countCharacters(text) > 0 then
return scripts[1]
else
return require("Module:scripts").getByCode("None", nil, nil, useRequire)
end
end
return require("Module:languages/findBestScript")(export, self, text, scripts, forceDetect, useRequire)
end
--[==[Returns a <code>Family</code> object for the language family that the language belongs to. See [[Module:families]].]==]
function Language:getFamily()
if self._familyObject == nil then
local familyCode = self:getFamilyCode()
if familyCode then
self._familyObject = require("Module:families").getByCode(familyCode, useRequire)
-- Still memoize a nil result.
else
self._familyObject = false
end
end
return self._familyObject or nil
end
--[==[Returns the family code in the language's data file.]==]
function Language:getFamilyCode()
if not self._familyCode then
self._familyCode = self._rawData[3]
end
return self._familyCode
end
function Language:getFamilyName()
if self._familyName == nil then
local family = self:getFamily()
if family then
self._familyName = family:getCanonicalName()
else
self._familyName = false
end
end
return self._familyName or nil
end
--[==[Check whether the language belongs to `family` (which can be a family code or object). A list of objects can be given in place of `family`; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families. Note that some languages (in particular, certain creoles) can have multiple immediate ancestors potentially belonging to different families; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families.]==]
function Language:inFamily(...)
--checkObject("family", nil, ...)
for _, family in ipairs{...} do
if type(family) == "table" then
family = family:getCode()
end
local self_family_code = self:getFamilyCode()
if not self_family_code then
return false
elseif self_family_code == family then
return true
end
local self_family = self:getFamily()
if self_family:inFamily(family) then
return true
-- If the family isn't a real family (e.g. creoles) check any ancestors.
elseif self_family:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-not" then
local ancestors = self:getAncestors()
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
if ancestor:inFamily(family) then
return true
end
end
end
end
return false
end
function Language:getParent()
if self._parentObject == nil then
local parentCode = self:getParentCode()
if parentCode then
self._parentObject = export.getByCode(parentCode, nil, true, true, useRequire)
else
self._parentObject = false
end
end
return self._parentObject or nil
end
function Language:getParentCode()
if not self._parentCode then
self._parentCode = self._rawData[5]
end
return self._parentCode
end
function Language:getParentName()
if self._parentName == nil then
local parent = self:getParent()
if parent then
self._parentName = parent:getCanonicalName()
else
self._parentName = false
end
end
return self._parentName or nil
end
function Language:getParentChain()
if not self._parentChain then
self._parentChain = {}
local parent = self:getParent()
while parent do
insert(self._parentChain, parent)
parent = parent:getParent()
end
end
return self._parentChain
end
function Language:hasParent(...)
--checkObject("language", nil, ...)
for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do
for _, parent in ipairs(self:getParentChain()) do
if type(otherlang) == "string" then
if otherlang == parent:getCode() then return true end
else
if otherlang:getCode() == parent:getCode() then return true end
end
end
end
return false
end
--[==[If the language is an etymology language, this iterates through parents until a regular language or family is found, and the corresponding object is returned. If the language is a regular language, then it simply returns the language.]==]
function Language:getNonEtymological()
if not self._nonEtymologicalObject then
local nonEtymologicalCode = self:getNonEtymologicalCode()
if nonEtymologicalCode ~= self:getCode() then
self._nonEtymologicalObject = export.getByCode(nonEtymologicalCode, nil, nil, nil, useRequire)
else
self._nonEtymologicalObject = self
end
end
return self._nonEtymologicalObject
end
function Language:getNonEtymologicalCode()
return self._nonEtymologicalCode or self:getCode()
end
function Language:getNonEtymologicalName()
if self._nonEtymologicalName == nil then
local nonEtymological = self:getNonEtymological()
if nonEtymological then
self._nonEtymologicalName = nonEtymological:getCanonicalName()
else
self._nonEtymologicalName = false
end
end
return self._nonEtymologicalName or nil
end
--[==[Returns a table of <code class="nf">Language</code> objects for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.]==]
function Language:getAncestors()
if not self._ancestorObjects then
self._ancestorObjects = {}
local ancestors = require("Module:table").shallowcopy(self:getAncestorCodes())
if #ancestors > 0 then
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
insert(self._ancestorObjects, export.getByCode(ancestor, nil, true, nil, useRequire))
end
else
local fam = self:getFamily()
local protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
-- For the cases where the current language is the proto-language
-- of its family, or an etymology language that is ancestral to that
-- proto-language, we need to step up a level higher right from the
-- start.
if protoLang and (
protoLang:getCode() == self:getCode() or
(self:hasType("etymology-only") and protoLang:hasAncestor(self))
) then
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
while not protoLang and not (not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not") do
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
insert(self._ancestorObjects, protoLang)
end
end
return self._ancestorObjects
end
do
-- Avoid a language being its own ancestor via class inheritance. We only need to check for this if the language has inherited an ancestor table from its parent, because we never want to drop ancestors that have been explicitly set in the data.
-- Recursively iterate over ancestors until we either find self or run out. If self is found, return true.
local function check_ancestor(self, lang)
local codes = lang:getAncestorCodes()
if not codes then
return nil
end
for i = 1, #codes do
local code = codes[i]
if code == self:getCode() then
return true
end
local anc = export.getByCode(code, nil, true, nil, useRequire)
if check_ancestor(self, anc) then
return true
end
end
end
--[==[Returns a table of <code class="nf">Language</code> codes for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.]==]
function Language:getAncestorCodes()
if self._ancestorCodes then
return self._ancestorCodes
elseif not self._rawData.ancestors then
self._ancestorCodes = {}
return self._ancestorCodes
end
local codes = self._rawData.ancestors
self._ancestorCodes = codes
if (
#codes == 0 or
#self._stack == 1 or
self._stack[#self._stack].ancestors
) then
return codes
end
local i, code = 1
while i <= #codes do
code = codes[i]
if check_ancestor(self, self) then
remove(codes, i)
else
i = i + 1
end
end
return codes
end
end
--[==[Given a list of language objects or codes, returns true if at least one of them is an ancestor. This includes any etymology-only children of that ancestor. If the language's ancestor(s) are etymology-only languages, it will also return true for those language parent(s) (e.g. if Vulgar Latin is the ancestor, it will also return true for its parent, Latin). However, a parent is excluded from this if the ancestor is also ancestral to that parent (e.g. if Classical Persian is the ancestor, Persian would return false, because Classical Persian is also ancestral to Persian).]==]
function Language:hasAncestor(...)
--checkObject("language", nil, ...)
local function iterateOverAncestorTree(node, func, parent_check)
local ancestors = node:getAncestors()
local ancestorsParents = {}
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
local ret = func(ancestor) or iterateOverAncestorTree(ancestor, func, parent_check)
if ret then return ret end
end
-- Check the parents of any ancestors. We don't do this if checking the parents of the other language, so that we exclude any etymology-only children of those parents that are not directly related (e.g. if the ancestor is Vulgar Latin and we are checking New Latin, we want it to return false because they are on different ancestral branches. As such, if we're already checking the parent of New Latin (Latin) we don't want to compare it to the parent of the ancestor (Latin), as this would be a false positive; it should be one or the other).
if not parent_check then
return nil
end
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
local ancestorParents = ancestor:getParentChain()
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorParents) do
if ancestorParent:getCode() == self:getCode() or ancestorParent:hasAncestor(ancestor) then
break
else
insert(ancestorsParents, ancestorParent)
end
end
end
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorsParents) do
local ret = func(ancestorParent)
if ret then return ret end
end
end
local function do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
-- otherlang can't be self
if (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode()) == self:getCode() then
return false
end
repeat
if iterateOverAncestorTree(
self,
function(ancestor)
return ancestor:getCode() == (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode())
end,
parent_check
) then
return true
elseif type(otherlang) == "string" then
otherlang = export.getByCode(otherlang, nil, true, nil, useRequire)
end
otherlang = otherlang:getParent()
parent_check = false
until not otherlang
end
local parent_check = true
for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do
local ret = do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
if ret then
return true
end
end
return false
end
function Language:getAncestorChain()
if not self._ancestorChain then
self._ancestorChain = {}
local step = self
while true do
local ancestors = step:getAncestors()
step = #ancestors == 1 and ancestors[1] or nil
if not step then break end
insert(self._ancestorChain, 1, step)
end
end
return self._ancestorChain
end
local function fetch_descendants(self, format)
local languages = require("Module:languages/code to canonical name")
local etymology_languages = require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name")
local families = require("Module:families/code to canonical name")
local descendants = {}
local family = self:getFamily()
-- Iterate over all three datasets.
for _, data in ipairs{languages, etymology_languages, families} do
for code in pairs(data) do
local lang = export.getByCode(code, nil, true, true, useRequire)
-- Test for a descendant. Earlier tests weed out most candidates, while the more intensive tests are only used sparingly.
if (
code ~= self:getCode() and -- Not self.
lang:inFamily(family) and -- In the same family.
(
family:getProtoLanguageCode() == self:getCode() or -- Self is the protolanguage.
self:hasDescendant(lang) or -- Full hasDescendant check.
(lang:getNonEtymologicalCode() == self:getCode() and not self:hasAncestor(lang)) -- Etymology-only child which isn't an ancestor.
)
) then
if format == "object" then
insert(descendants, lang)
elseif format == "code" then
insert(descendants, code)
elseif format == "name" then
insert(descendants, lang:getCanonicalName())
end
end
end
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendants()
if not self._descendantObjects then
self._descendantObjects = fetch_descendants(self, "object")
end
return self._descendantObjects
end
function Language:getDescendantCodes()
if not self._descendantCodes then
self._descendantCodes = fetch_descendants(self, "code")
end
return self._descendantCodes
end
function Language:getDescendantNames()
if not self._descendantNames then
self._descendantNames = fetch_descendants(self, "name")
end
return self._descendantNames
end
function Language:hasDescendant(...)
for _, lang in ipairs{...} do
if type(lang) == "string" then
lang = export.getByCode(lang, nil, true, nil, useRequire)
end
if lang:hasAncestor(self) then
return true
end
end
return false
end
local function fetch_children(self, format)
local m_etym_data = require("Module:etymology languages/data")
local self_code = self:getCode()
local children = {}
for code, data in pairs(m_etym_data) do
local _data = data
repeat
parent = _data[5]
if parent == self_code then
if format == "object" then
insert(children, export.getByCode(code, nil, true, nil, useRequire))
elseif format == "code" then
insert(children, code)
elseif format == "name" then
insert(children, data[1])
end
break
end
_data = m_etym_data[parent]
until not _data
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildren()
if not self._childObjects then
self._childObjects = fetch_children(self, "object")
end
return self._childObjects
end
function Language:getChildrenCodes()
if not self._childCodes then
self._childCodes = fetch_children(self, "code")
end
return self._childCodes
end
function Language:getChildrenNames()
if not self._childNames then
self._childNames = fetch_children(self, "name")
end
return self._childNames
end
function Language:hasChild(...)
local lang = ...
if not lang then
return false
elseif type(lang) == "string" then
lang = export.getByCode(lang, nil, true, nil, useRequire)
end
if lang:hasParent(self) then
return true
end
return self:hasChild(select(2, ...))
end
--[==[Returns the name of the main category of that language. Example: {{code|lua|"French language"}} for French, whose category is at [[:Category:French language]]. Unless optional argument <code>nocap</code> is given, the language name at the beginning of the returned value will be capitalized. This capitalization is correct for category names, but not if the language name is lowercase and the returned value of this function is used in the middle of a sentence.]==]
function Language:getCategoryName(nocap)
if not self._categoryName then
local name = self:getCanonicalName()
self._categoryName = name
end
if nocap then
return self._categoryName
else
return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(self._categoryName)
end
end
--[==[Creates a link to the category; the link text is the canonical name.]==]
function Language:makeCategoryLink()
return "[[:Category:" .. self:getCategoryName() .. "|" .. self:getDisplayForm() .. "]]"
end
function Language:getStandardCharacters(sc)
if type(self._rawData.standardChars) ~= "table" then
return self._rawData.standardChars
else
if sc and type(sc) ~= "string" then
checkObject("script", nil, sc)
sc = sc:getCode()
end
if (not sc) or sc == "None" then
local scripts = {}
for _, script in pairs(self._rawData.standardChars) do
insert(scripts, script)
end
return table.concat(scripts)
end
if self._rawData.standardChars[sc] then
return self._rawData.standardChars[sc] .. (self._rawData.standardChars[1] or "")
end
end
end
--[==[Make the entry name (i.e. the correct page name).]==]
function Language:makeEntryName(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text, nil, {}
end
-- Remove directional characters.
text = remove_directional_chars(text)
-- Set `unsupported` as true if certain conditions are met.
local unsupported
-- Check if there's an unsupported character. \239\191\189 is the replacement character U+FFFD, which can't be typed directly here due to an abuse filter. Unix-style dot-slash notation is also unsupported, as it is used for relative paths in links, as are 3 or more consecutive tildes.
if (
text:find("[#<>%[%]_{|}]") or
text:find("\239\191\189") or
text:find("%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]") or
text:find("~~~")
) then
unsupported = true
-- If it looks like an interwiki link.
elseif text:find(":") then
local prefix = text:gsub("^:*(.-):.*", string.ulower)
if (
conditionalRequire("Module:data/namespaces")[prefix] or
conditionalRequire("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix]
) then
unsupported = true
end
end
-- Check if the text is a listed unsupported title.
local unsupportedTitles = conditionalRequire("Module:links/data").unsupported_titles
if unsupportedTitles[text] then
return "Unsupported titles/" .. unsupportedTitles[text], nil, {}
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
local fail, cats
text = normalize(text, sc)
text, fail, cats = iterateSectionSubstitutions(text, nil, nil, self, sc, self._rawData.entry_name, "makeEntryName")
text = ugsub(text, "^[¿¡]?([^%s%p]+)%s*[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟？！︖︕।॥။၊་།]?$", "%1") or text
-- Escape unsupported characters so they can be used in titles. ` is used as a delimiter for this, so a raw use of it in an unsupported title is also escaped here to prevent interference; this is only done with unsupported titles, though, so inclusion won't in itself mean a title is treated as unsupported (which is why it's excluded from the earlier test).
if unsupported then
local unsupported_characters = conditionalRequire("Module:links/data").unsupported_characters
text = text
:gsub("[#<>%[%]_`{|}\239]\191?\189?", unsupported_characters)
:gsub("%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]", function(m)
return m:gsub("%.", "`period`")
end)
:gsub("~~~+", function(m)
return m:gsub("~", "`tilde`")
end)
text = "Unsupported titles/" .. text
end
return text, fail, cats
end
--[==[Generates alternative forms using a specified method, and returns them as a table. If no method is specified, returns a table containing only the input term.]==]
function Language:generateForms(text, sc)
if self._rawData.generate_forms then
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
return require("Module:" .. self._rawData.generate_forms).generateForms(text, self:getCode(), sc:getCode())
else
return {text}
end
end
--[==[Creates a sort key for the given entry name, following the rules appropriate for the language. This removes diacritical marks from the entry name if they are not considered significant for sorting, and may perform some other changes. Any initial hyphen is also removed, and anything parentheses is removed as well.
The <code>sort_key</code> setting for each language in the data modules defines the replacements made by this function, or it gives the name of the module that takes the entry name and returns a sortkey.]==]
function Language:makeSortKey(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text, nil, {}
end
if text:find("<[^<>]+>") then
track("track HTML tag")
end
-- Remove directional characters, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags.
text = ugsub(text, "[\194\173" .. dir_char .. "]", "")
text = mw.text.unstrip(text)
:gsub("<[^<>]+>", "")
text = mw.uri.decode(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
-- Remove initial hyphens and * unless the term only consists of spacing + punctuation characters.
text = ugsub(text, "^([-]*)[-־ـ᠊*]+([-]*)(.*[^%s%p].*)", "%1%2%3")
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- For languages with dotted dotless i, ensure that "İ" is sorted as "i", and "I" is sorted as "ı".
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() then
text = text
:gsub(mw.ustring.toNFD("İ"), "i")
:gsub("I", "ı")
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
-- Convert to lowercase, make the sortkey, then convert to uppercase. Where the language has dotted dotless i, it is usually not necessary to convert "i" to "İ" and "ı" to "I" first, because "I" will always be interpreted as conventional "I" (not dotless "İ") by any sorting algorithms, which will have been taken into account by the sortkey substitutions themselves. However, if no sortkey substitutions have been specified, then conversion is necessary so as to prevent "i" and "ı" both being sorted as "I".
-- An exception is made for scripts that (sometimes) sort by scraping page content, as that means they are sensitive to changes in capitalization (as it changes the target page).
local fail, cats
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
text = text:ulower()
end
text, fail, cats = iterateSectionSubstitutions(text, nil, nil, self, sc, self._rawData.sort_key, "makeSortKey")
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() and not self._rawData.sort_key then
text = text
:gsub("ı", "I")
:gsub("i", "İ")
text = sc:toFixedNFC(text)
end
text = text:uupper()
end
-- Remove parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something.
text = text
:gsub("(.)[()]+", "%1")
:gsub("[()]+(.)", "%1")
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return text, fail, cats
end
--[==[Create the form used as as a basis for display text and transliteration.]==]
local function processDisplayText(text, self, sc, keepCarets, keepPrefixes)
local subbedChars = {}
text, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets)
text = mw.uri.decode(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
local fail, cats
text = normalize(text, sc)
text, fail, cats, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, self, sc, self._rawData.display_text, "makeDisplayText")
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- Remove any interwiki link prefixes (unless they have been escaped or this has been disabled).
if text:match(":") and not keepPrefixes then
local rep
repeat
text, rep = text:gsub("\\\\(\\*:)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
text = text
:gsub("\\:", "\4")
while true do
local prefix = text:gsub("^(.-):.+", function(m1)
return m1:gsub("\244[\128-\191]*", "")
end)
if not prefix or prefix == text then
break
end
local lower_prefix = prefix:ulower()
if not (conditionalRequire("Module:data/interwikis")[lower_prefix] or prefix == "") then
break
end
text = text:gsub("^(.-):(.*)", function(m1, m2)
local ret = {}
for subbedChar in m1:gmatch("\244[\128-\191]*") do
insert(ret, subbedChar)
end
return table.concat(ret) .. m2
end)
end
text = text
:gsub("\3", "\\")
:gsub("\4", ":")
end
return text, fail, cats, subbedChars
end
--[==[Make the display text (i.e. what is displayed on the page).]==]
function Language:makeDisplayText(text, sc, keepPrefixes)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text, nil, {}
end
text = remove_directional_chars(text)
local fail, cats, subbedChars
text, fail, cats, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, nil, keepPrefixes)
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars), fail, cats
end
--[==[Transliterates the text from the given script into the Latin script (see [[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization]]). The language must have the <code>translit</code> property for this to work; if it is not present, {{code|lua|nil}} is returned.
Returns three values:
# The transliteration.
# A boolean which indicates whether the transliteration failed for an unexpected reason. If {{code|lua|false}}, then the transliteration either succeeded, or the module is returning nothing in a controlled way (e.g. the input was {{code|lua|"-"}}). Generally, this means that no maintenance action is required. If {{code|lua|true}}, then the transliteration is {{code|lua|nil}} because either the input or output was defective in some way (e.g. [[Module:ar-translit]] will not transliterate non-vocalised inputs, and this module will fail partially-completed transliterations in all languages). Note that this value can be manually set by the transliteration module, so make sure to cross-check to ensure it is accurate.
# A table of categories selected by the transliteration module, which should be in the format expected by {{code|lua|format_categories}} in [[Module:utilities]].
The <code>sc</code> parameter is handled by the transliteration module, and how it is handled is specific to that module. Some transliteration modules may tolerate {{code|lua|nil}} as the script, others require it to be one of the possible scripts that the module can transliterate, and will show an error if it's not one of them. For this reason, the <code>sc</code> parameter should always be provided when writing non-language-specific code.
The <code>module_override</code> parameter is used to override the default module that is used to provide the transliteration. This is useful in cases where you need to demonstrate a particular module in use, but there is no default module yet, or you want to demonstrate an alternative version of a transliteration module before making it official. It should not be used in real modules or templates, only for testing. All uses of this parameter are tracked by [[Template:tracking/module_override]].
'''Known bugs''':
* This function assumes {tr(s1) .. tr(s2) == tr(s1 .. s2)}. When this assertion fails, wikitext markups like <nowiki>'''</nowiki> can cause wrong transliterations.
* HTML entities like <code>&apos;</code>, often used to escape wikitext markups, do not work.]==]
function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override)
-- If there is no text, or the language doesn't have transliteration data and there's no override, return nil.
if not (self._rawData.translit or module_override) then
return nil, false, {}
elseif (not text) or text == "" or text == "-" then
return text, false, {}
end
-- If the script is not transliteratable (and no override is given), return nil.
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not (sc:isTransliterated() or module_override) then
return nil, true, {}
end
-- Remove any strip markers and directional characters.
text = mw.text.unstrip(text)
text = remove_directional_chars(text)
-- Get the display text with the keepCarets flag set.
local fail, cats, subbedChars
text, fail, cats, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, true)
-- Transliterate (using the module override if applicable).
text, fail, cats, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, true, self, sc, module_override or self._rawData.translit, "tr")
-- Incomplete transliterations return nil.
if text then
if sc:countCharacters(text) > 0 then
-- Remove any characters in Latin, which includes Latin characters also included in other scripts (as these are false positives). Anything remaining should only be script code "None" (e.g. numerals).
local check_text = ugsub(text, "[" .. require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters() .. "]", "")
if require("Module:scripts").findBestScriptWithoutLang(check_text) ~= "None" then
return nil, true, cats
end
end
else
return nil, true, cats
end
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
text = undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
-- If the script does not use capitalization, then capitalize any letters of the transliteration which are immediately preceded by a caret (and remove the caret).
if text and not sc:hasCapitalization() and text:match("%^") then
text = processCarets(text, "%^([\128-\191\244]*%*?)([^\128-\191\244][\128-\191]*)", function(m1, m2)
return m1 .. m2:uupper()
end)
end
-- Track module overrides.
if module_override ~= nil then
track("module_override")
end
fail = text == nil and (not not fail) or false
return text, fail, cats
end
function Language:overrideManualTranslit()
return not not self._rawData.override_translit
end
--[==[Returns {{code|lua|true}} if the language has a transliteration module, or {{code|lua|false}} if it doesn't.]==]
function Language:hasTranslit()
return not not self._rawData.translit
end
function Language:link_tr()
return not not self._rawData.link_tr
end
--[==[Returns {{code|lua|true}} if the language uses the letters I/ı and İ/i, or {{code|lua|false}} if it doesn't.]==]
function Language:hasDottedDotlessI()
return not not self._rawData.dotted_dotless_i
end
function Language:toJSON(returnTable)
local entryNamePatterns = nil
local entryNameRemoveDiacritics = nil
if self._rawData.entry_name then
entryNameRemoveDiacritics = self._rawData.entry_name.remove_diacritics
if self._rawData.entry_name.from then
entryNamePatterns = {}
for i, from in ipairs(self._rawData.entry_name.from) do
insert(entryNamePatterns, {from = from, to = self._rawData.entry_name.to[i] or ""})
end
end
end
if not self._type then
self:hasType()
end
local types = {}
for type in pairs(self._type) do
insert(types, type)
end
-- mainCode should only end up non-nil if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
local ret = {
ancestors = self:getAncestorCodes(),
canonicalName = self:getCanonicalName(),
categoryName = self:getCategoryName("nocap"),
code = self:getCode(),
mainCode = self._main_code,
entryNamePatterns = entryNamePatterns,
entryNameRemoveDiacritics = entryNameRemoveDiacritics,
family = self:getFamilyCode(),
otherNames = self:getOtherNames(true),
aliases = self:getAliases(),
varieties = self:getVarieties(),
scripts = self:getScriptCodes(),
parent = self._parentCode or nil,
nonEtymological = self._nonEtymologicalCode or nil,
type = types,
wikimediaLanguages = self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes(),
wikidataItem = self:getWikidataItem(),
}
ret = require("Module:table").deepcopy(ret)
if returnTable then
return ret
else
return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(ret)
end
end
--[==[
<span style="color: #BA0000">This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.</span>
Returns a blob of data about the language. The format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as the format changes.
-- Do NOT use these methods!
-- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page!
]==]
function Language:getRawData()
local rawData = {}
for _, element in ipairs(self._stack) do
for k, v in pairs(element) do
rawData[k] = v
end
end
return rawData
end
--[==[<span style="color: #BA0000">This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.</span>
Returns a blob of data about the language that contains the "extra data". Much like with getRawData, the format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as the format changes.]==]
function Language:getRawExtraData()
if #self._stack == 1 then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
return self._extraData
end
local function getRawExtraLanguageData(code)
local modulename = export.getExtraDataModuleName(code)
return modulename and conditionalRequire("Module:" .. modulename)[code] or nil
end
function Language:loadInExtraData()
if not self._extraData then
-- load extra data from module and assign to _extraData field
-- use empty table as a fallback if extra data is nil
self._extraData = getRawExtraLanguageData(self:getCode()) or {}
end
end
return Language
end
function export.getDataModuleName(code)
if code:match("^%l%l$") then
return "languages/data/2"
elseif code:match("^%l%l%l$") then
local prefix = code:sub(1, 1)
return "languages/data/3/" .. prefix
elseif code:match("^[%l-]+$") then
return "languages/data/exceptional"
else
return nil
end
end
function export.getExtraDataModuleName(code)
local dataModule = export.getDataModuleName(code)
return dataModule and dataModule .. "/extra" or nil
end
do
-- Data that isn't inherited from the parent.
local function no_inherit(lang, t, k)
if (
k == 2 or -- wikidata item
k == "aliases" or
k == "varieties" or
k == "otherNames"
) then
return lang._stack[#lang._stack][k], true
end
end
-- Data that is appended by each generation.
local function append_data(lang, t, k)
if k == "type" then
local parts = {}
for i = 1, #lang._stack do
insert(parts, lang._stack[i][k])
end
if type(parts[1]) == "string" then
return table.concat(parts, ", "), true
end
return nil, true
end
end
local function inherit_data(lang, t, k)
local i = #lang._stack
while not lang._stack[i][k] and i > 1 do
i = i - 1
end
return lang._stack[i][k]
end
local function make_stack(code, input_code, data, parent, useRequire)
parent.__index = parent
local lang = {_code = input_code}
-- This can only happen if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
if code ~= input_code then
lang._main_code = code
end
-- Full language.
if not parent._stack then
-- Create stack, accessed with rawData metamethod.
lang._stack = parent._rawData and {parent._rawData, data} or {data}
lang._rawData = setmetatable({}, {
__index = function(t, k)
-- Otherwise, iterate down the stack, looking for a match.
local ret, stop_now = no_inherit(lang, t, k)
if not stop_now then
ret, stop_now = append_data(lang, t, k)
end
if not stop_now then
ret = inherit_data(lang, t, k)
end
if (
k == 4 or
k == "ancestors" or
k == "wikimedia_codes"
) then
if type(ret) == "table" then
return ret
elseif type(ret) == "string" then
return mw.text.split(ret, "%s*,%s*")
end
else
return ret
end
end,
-- Retain immutability (as writing to rawData will break functionality).
__newindex = function()
error("not allowed to edit rawData")
end
})
-- Non-etymological code is the parent code.
lang._nonEtymologicalCode = parent._code or code
-- Etymology-only.
else
-- Copy over rawData and stack to the new object, and add new layer to stack.
lang._rawData = parent._rawData
lang._stack = parent._stack
insert(lang._stack, data)
-- Copy non-etymological code.
lang._nonEtymologicalCode = parent._nonEtymologicalCode
end
return setmetatable(lang, parent)
end
function export.makeObject(code, data, useRequire, dontCanonicalizeAliases)
if not data then
return nil
end
-- Convert any aliases.
local input_code = code
code = normalize_code(code)
input_code = dontCanonicalizeAliases and input_code or code
if data.type:find("family") and not data[5] then
return require("Module:families").makeObject(code, data, useRequire)
else
local parent
if data[5] then
parent = export.getByCode(data[5], nil, true, true, useRequire)
else
parent = make_language(code, data, useRequire)
end
return make_stack(code, input_code, data, parent, useRequire)
end
end
end
--[==[Finds the language whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a <code class="nf">Language</code> object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns {{code|lua|nil}}, unless <code class="n">paramForError</code> is given, in which case an error is generated. If <code class="n">paramForError</code> is {{code|lua|true}}, a generic error message mentioning the bad code is generated; otherwise <code class="n">paramForError</code> should be a string or number specifying the parameter that the code came from, and this parameter will be mentioned in the error message along with the bad code. If <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified, etymology language codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. If <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified, language family codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes.]==]
function export.getByCode(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily, useRequire)
if type(code) ~= "string" then
local typ
if not code then
typ = "nil"
elseif checkObject("language", true, code) then
typ = "a language object"
elseif checkObject("family", true, code) then
typ = "a family object"
else
typ = "a " .. type(code)
end
error("The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received " .. typ .. ".")
end
local function conditionalRequire(modulename)
if useRequire then
return require(modulename)
else
return mw.loadData(modulename)
end
end
-- FIXME: Temporary. Lists bad codes to track, so we can consider eliminating them.
-- We list them directly here rather than in a separate module (cf. [[Module:etymology languages/track-bad-etym-code]])
-- in the hope that this reduces memory usage as we have to do this for every invocation of getByCode() for every
-- language code.
local codes_to_track = {
-- Codes duplicated been full and etymology-only languages
["bsg"] = true,
["rdb"] = true,
["tgf"] = true,
-- Codes that will be converted to families
["kca"] = true,
["mns"] = true,
["nan"] = true,
}
local function track_bad_code(code)
if codes_to_track[code] then
track(code)
end
return true
end
local modulename = export.getDataModuleName(code)
local function get_data(code)
return modulename and
track_bad_code(code) and conditionalRequire("Module:" .. modulename)[code] or
(allowEtymLang and require("Module:etymology languages/track-bad-etym-code")(code) and conditionalRequire("Module:etymology languages/data")[code]) or
(allowFamily and conditionalRequire("Module:families/data")[code]) or
(allowEtymLang and allowFamily and require("Module:families/track-bad-etym-code")(code) and conditionalRequire("Module:families/data/etymology")[code])
end
local data = get_data(code) or get_data(normalize_code(code))
local retval = code and data and export.makeObject(code, data, useRequire)
if not retval and paramForError then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
--[==[Finds the language whose canonical name (the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary) or other name matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a <code class="nf">Language</code> object representing the language. Otherwise, it returns {{code|lua|nil}}, unless <code class="n">paramForError</code> is given, in which case an error is generated. If <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified, etymology language codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. If <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified, language family codes are allowed and looked up along with normal language codes.
The canonical name of languages should always be unique (it is an error for two languages on Wiktionary to share the same canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one result.
This function is powered by [[Module:languages/canonical names]], which contains a pre-generated mapping of non-etymology-language canonical names to codes. It is generated by going through the [[:Category:Language data modules]] for non-etymology languages. When <code class="n">allowEtymLang</code> is specified for the above function, [[Module:etymology languages/canonical names]] may also be used, and when <code class="n">allowFamily</code> is specified for the above function, [[Module:families/canonical names]] may also be used.]==]
function export.getByCanonicalName(name, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily, useRequire)
local function conditionalRequire(modulename)
if useRequire then
return require(modulename)
else
return mw.loadData(modulename)
end
end
local byName = conditionalRequire("Module:languages/canonical names")
local code = byName and byName[name]
if not code and allowEtymLang then
byName = conditionalRequire("Module:etymology languages/canonical names")
code = byName and byName[name] or
byName[name:gsub(" [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
byName[name:gsub("^a ", "")] or
byName[name:gsub("^a ", ""):gsub(" [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
-- For etymology families like "ira-pro".
-- FIXME: This is not ideal, as it allows " languages" to be appended to any etymology-only language, too.
byName[name:match("^(.*) languages$")]
end
if not code and allowFamily then
byName = conditionalRequire("Module:families/canonical names")
code = byName and byName[name] or
byName[name:match("^(.*) languages$")]
end
local retval = code and export.getByCode(code, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily, useRequire)
if not retval and errorIfInvalid then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").canonicalName(name, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
--[==[Used by [[Module:languages/data/2]] (et al.) to add default types to the entities returned.]==]
function export.addDefaultTypes(data, regular, ...)
for _, entity in pairs(data) do
-- "regular" encompasses everything that doesn't have another type already assigned.
if regular then
entity.type = entity.type or "regular"
end
local types = table.concat({...}, ", ")
if #types > 0 then
entity.type = types .. (entity.type and (", " .. entity.type) or "")
end
end
return data
end
--[==[Used by [[Module:etymology languages/data]] and [[Module:families/data/etymology]] to finalize the data into the format that is actually returned.]==]
function export.finalizeEtymologyData(data)
local aliases = {}
for code, entity in pairs(data) do
-- Move parent to 5 and family to 3.
data[code][5] = data[code][3]
data[code][3] = data[code].family
data[code].family = nil
end
for code, alias in pairs(aliases) do
data[code] = alias
end
return data
end
--[==[For backwards compatibility only; modules should require the /error themselves.]==]
function export.err(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
return require("Module:languages/error")(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
end
return export